Crypto Tech 2024 Review: Ethereum Duncun, Solana Surge, and Layer-2 Boom – Plus 2025 Predictions and AI Integration

Crypto Tech 2024 Review: Ethereum Duncun, Solana Surge, and Layer-2 Boom – Plus 2025 Predictions and AI Integration

This particular version of the Protocol appears again at 2024’s groundbreaking developments and ahead to what the approaching yr would possibly carry for blockchain know-how.

Let’s dive into the milestones, developments, and predictions shaping the subsequent period of crypto.


This text is featured within the newest subject of The Protocol, our weekly e-newsletter exploring the tech behind crypto, one block at a time. Join right here to get it in your inbox each Wednesday.


1. A Look Again: High Crypto Tech Milestones of 2024

Ethereum’s Duncun Improve: 2024 marked Ethereum’s most important community improve but. Ethereum activated the Cancun-Deneb (Dencun) improve, a landmark enchancment designed to boost scalability and scale back information charges, marking a pivotal step within the community’s evolution. Duncun launched proto-danksharding, a mechanism aimed toward reducing prices for Layer-2 rollups by simplifying information availability and bettering transaction throughput. The modifications, although immensely debated, aimed to profit builders and pave the best way for additional improvements in Ethereum’s roadmap, reinforcing its place because the main sensible contract platform.

Solana Locks in Worth: Solana’s DeFi TVL hit $9 billion in complete worth locked (TVL) for the primary time in three years, with its DeFi ecosystem experiencing much more progress. This achievement displays elevated person engagement and the growth of decentralized purposes on the platform. This progress was considerably helped by institutional adoption and main integrations. Monetary giants like Franklin Templeton and Société Générale leveraged Solana for tokenized asset initiatives. Solana additionally expanded its attain with Robinhood including SOL to its buying and selling platform and Cboe International Markets submitting for Solana-linked ETFs, signaling elevated confidence in its infrastructure.

Quantum Computing’s Warning Bell: Google’s developments in quantum computing, significantly with its revolutionary quantum chip, raised alarms throughout the crypto group in regards to the potential threats to blockchain safety. The chip’s capacity to unravel issues far past the attain of classical computer systems reignited debates round Bitcoin’s reliance on conventional encryption strategies and the broader implications for the crypto ecosystem. Consultants emphasised the urgency of transitioning to quantum-resistant encryption to safeguard cryptocurrencies towards future vulnerabilities. Whereas present quantum computer systems should not but able to compromising blockchain networks, Google’s progress underscored the necessity for proactive measures to make sure the long-term safety and resilience of digital property.

Layer-2 Adoption Soars: Layer-2 adoption surged as initiatives like Arbitrum, Optimism, and Base performed pivotal roles in addressing Ethereum’s scalability challenges. Arbitrum continued to dominate the Layer-2 ecosystem, crossing 1 billion in transactions, pushed by its sturdy developer help and DeFi integrations. Optimism continued to develop its affect with its OP Stack know-how, which allow modular Layer-2 options and foster ecosystem-wide collaboration by way of its integration into Optimism’s Superchain. Base, a Layer-2 incubated by Coinbase, gained vital traction because it leveraged Coinbase’s in depth person base and on-ramps, with Franklin Templeton changing into the primary asset supervisor to launch a tokenized treasury fund on the community.

Layer 2 adoption - dune chart

DeFi Leaders Innovate: Aave turned the main focus of a brand new fund launched by Grayscale Investments in October, offering institutional and accredited buyers with publicity to its governance token (AAVE) by way of a conventional funding car; Uniswap Labs introduced Unichain, a decentralized Layer-2 blockchain constructed with Optimism’s OP Stack, designed to boost transaction pace, scale back prices, and enhance cross-chain interoperability, with plans for a 2025 mainnet launch; and MakerDAO rebranded to Sky as a part of its Endgame Plan, introducing new governance (SKY) and stablecoins (USDS), autonomous “Sky Stars,” deflationary tokenomics, and a roadmap for transitioning absolutely from MKR to SKY tokens.


2. Rising Tendencies for 2025

  • AI x Blockchain: The mixing of synthetic intelligence and blockchain is about to revolutionize identification verification, predictive analytics, and sensible contract automation — and, hopefully, curtail detrimental unwanted side effects of AI.
  • Regulated Crypto Hubs: Jurisdictions like Hong Kong, Dubai, and Singapore are positioning themselves as crypto-friendly innovation facilities, attracting startups and institutional buyers alike.
  • Interoperability Takes Middle Stage: Cross-chain protocols will dominate improvement, enabling seamless asset transfers and collaboration between blockchain ecosystems.

3. Developer Highlight: 2024 in Numbers

The Electrical Capital Developer Report: The report highlighted sustained progress in blockchain improvement with a 35% improve in energetic builders. Ethereum, Solana, Polkadot, Base, and Polygon led the pack, showcasing their sturdy developer communities. Solana was the most important draw for brand new builders, bringing in 7,625 new builders in 2024, surpassing Ethereum. Solana’s enchantment, pushed by its low charges, quick transactions and plenty of memecoins, positions it as a formidable competitor within the sensible contract enviornment.

Chart: New developers exploring ethereum, solana, etc.

4. What to Watch in 2025

  • Ethereum’s Pectra Improve: Ethereum’s upcoming Pectra improve has been cut up into two phases, Prague and Electra, to make sure a smoother rollout of key enhancements to the consensus and execution layers. The Electra part will improve validator effectivity, bolster community safety, and introduce improved mechanisms for managing validator exits.
  • Scaling Options: ZK-rollups and modular blockchains will drive the subsequent wave of scalability, guaranteeing smoother person experiences. Zero-knowledge proofs are rising as a transformative know-how, enabling enhanced privateness and effectivity whereas paving the best way for a future the place blockchain networks can scale seamlessly with out compromising decentralization.
  • Decentralized Id: The rise of decentralized identification options might redefine how customers work together with Web3 platforms, emphasizing privateness and possession.These programs leverage blockchain know-how to present customers management over their private information, permitting them to confirm their identities with out counting on centralized authorities.

5. Closing Thought

2024 set the stage for crypto’s subsequent chapter, with breakthroughs in scalability, DeFi, and safety shaping a transformative yr forward.

Supply hyperlink

bitcoin
Bitcoin (BTC) $ 104,637.04 0.24%
ethereum
Ethereum (ETH) $ 2,506.01 1.36%
tether
Tether (USDT) $ 1.00 0.00%
xrp
XRP (XRP) $ 2.15 0.82%
bnb
BNB (BNB) $ 651.93 1.06%
solana
Solana (SOL) $ 152.99 1.79%
usd-coin
USDC (USDC) $ 1.00 0.01%
dogecoin
Dogecoin (DOGE) $ 0.190963 0.83%
tron
TRON (TRX) $ 0.268182 0.20%
cardano
Cardano (ADA) $ 0.669292 1.47%
staked-ether
Lido Staked Ether (STETH) $ 2,503.22 1.42%
wrapped-bitcoin
Wrapped Bitcoin (WBTC) $ 104,448.98 0.18%
sui
Sui (SUI) $ 3.29 1.85%
hyperliquid
Hyperliquid (HYPE) $ 32.15 1.17%
wrapped-steth
Wrapped stETH (WSTETH) $ 2,999.54 1.94%
chainlink
Chainlink (LINK) $ 13.90 0.23%
avalanche-2
Avalanche (AVAX) $ 20.62 0.24%
stellar
Stellar (XLM) $ 0.264515 0.59%
leo-token
LEO Token (LEO) $ 8.67 0.53%
bitcoin-cash
Bitcoin Cash (BCH) $ 402.59 2.45%
the-open-network
Toncoin (TON) $ 3.12 1.06%
shiba-inu
Shiba Inu (SHIB) $ 0.000013 1.92%
usds
USDS (USDS) $ 1.00 0.01%
hedera-hashgraph
Hedera (HBAR) $ 0.166736 0.69%
litecoin
Litecoin (LTC) $ 87.72 0.85%
weth
WETH (WETH) $ 2,505.59 1.44%
wrapped-eeth
Wrapped eETH (WEETH) $ 2,663.01 1.87%
polkadot
Polkadot (DOT) $ 4.04 0.98%
monero
Monero (XMR) $ 325.83 0.46%
binance-bridged-usdt-bnb-smart-chain
Binance Bridged USDT (BNB Smart Chain) (BSC-USD) $ 1.00 0.06%
bitget-token
Bitget Token (BGB) $ 4.69 1.08%
ethena-usde
Ethena USDe (USDE) $ 1.00 0.00%
pepe
Pepe (PEPE) $ 0.000012 0.26%
pi-network
Pi Network (PI) $ 0.642348 1.85%
coinbase-wrapped-btc
Coinbase Wrapped BTC (CBBTC) $ 104,696.05 0.32%
whitebit
WhiteBIT Coin (WBT) $ 31.15 0.33%
dai
Dai (DAI) $ 0.999907 0.00%
uniswap
Uniswap (UNI) $ 6.17 1.58%
aave
Aave (AAVE) $ 243.68 2.69%
bittensor
Bittensor (TAO) $ 420.36 2.88%
ethena-staked-usde
Ethena Staked USDe (SUSDE) $ 1.18 0.01%
crypto-com-chain
Cronos (CRO) $ 0.102217 5.07%
okb
OKB (OKB) $ 50.01 0.59%
aptos
Aptos (APT) $ 4.72 0.35%
near
NEAR Protocol (NEAR) $ 2.42 0.70%
blackrock-usd-institutional-digital-liquidity-fund
BlackRock USD Institutional Digital Liquidity Fund (BUIDL) $ 1.00 0.00%
jito-staked-sol
Jito Staked SOL (JITOSOL) $ 184.87 1.60%
internet-computer
Internet Computer (ICP) $ 4.92 1.59%
ondo-finance
Ondo (ONDO) $ 0.828892 0.65%
ethereum-classic
Ethereum Classic (ETC) $ 16.92 0.05%
tokenize-xchange
Tokenize Xchange (TKX) $ 32.12 2.38%
susds
sUSDS (SUSDS) $ 1.05 0.01%
gatechain-token
Gate (GT) $ 19.21 0.05%
mantle
Mantle (MNT) $ 0.677628 1.35%
official-trump
Official Trump (TRUMP) $ 11.29 1.71%
kaspa
Kaspa (KAS) $ 0.085283 0.26%
usd1-wlfi
USD1 (USD1) $ 0.999755 0.21%
vechain
VeChain (VET) $ 0.024051 0.01%
render-token
Render (RENDER) $ 3.87 0.02%
cosmos
Cosmos Hub (ATOM) $ 4.32 0.22%
fetch-ai
Artificial Superintelligence Alliance (FET) $ 0.748573 1.00%
lombard-staked-btc
Lombard Staked BTC (LBTC) $ 104,185.91 0.28%
fasttoken
Fasttoken (FTN) $ 4.43 0.01%
polygon-ecosystem-token
POL (ex-MATIC) (POL) $ 0.212891 0.61%
ethena
Ethena (ENA) $ 0.309679 2.35%
worldcoin-wld
Worldcoin (WLD) $ 1.13 1.59%
filecoin
Filecoin (FIL) $ 2.55 0.20%
algorand
Algorand (ALGO) $ 0.193859 0.43%
first-digital-usd
First Digital USD (FDUSD) $ 1.00 0.13%
arbitrum
Arbitrum (ARB) $ 0.336342 1.24%
jupiter-exchange-solana
Jupiter (JUP) $ 0.521428 1.42%
jupiter-perpetuals-liquidity-provider-token
Jupiter Perpetuals Liquidity Provider Token (JLP) $ 4.41 0.55%
binance-peg-weth
Binance-Peg WETH (WETH) $ 2,507.12 1.43%
celestia
Celestia (TIA) $ 2.20 0.45%
kucoin-shares
KuCoin (KCS) $ 11.29 0.24%
binance-staked-sol
Binance Staked SOL (BNSOL) $ 160.55 2.12%
usdt0
USDT0 (USDT0) $ 1.00 0.00%
virtual-protocol
Virtuals Protocol (VIRTUAL) $ 2.01 3.39%
bonk
Bonk (BONK) $ 0.000016 1.20%
sonic-3
Sonic (S) $ 0.392177 0.24%
nexo
NEXO (NEXO) $ 1.22 0.96%
flare-networks
Flare (FLR) $ 0.018379 9.71%
rocket-pool-eth
Rocket Pool ETH (RETH) $ 2,837.49 1.78%
injective-protocol
Injective (INJ) $ 11.94 1.99%
kelp-dao-restaked-eth
Kelp DAO Restaked ETH (RSETH) $ 2,617.89 1.39%
story-2
Story (IP) $ 4.09 3.04%
blockstack
Stacks (STX) $ 0.735985 0.07%
optimism
Optimism (OP) $ 0.648044 0.89%
fartcoin
Fartcoin (FARTCOIN) $ 1.10 0.41%
sei-network
Sei (SEI) $ 0.192653 0.45%
immutable-x
Immutable (IMX) $ 0.551398 0.37%
binance-bridged-usdc-bnb-smart-chain
Binance Bridged USDC (BNB Smart Chain) (USDC) $ 0.99966 0.03%
xdce-crowd-sale
XDC Network (XDC) $ 0.06126 1.90%
solv-btc
Solv Protocol BTC (SOLVBTC) $ 104,291.94 0.13%
eos
EOS (EOS) $ 0.630212 2.85%
mantle-staked-ether
Mantle Staked Ether (METH) $ 2,668.93 1.26%
spx6900
SPX6900 (SPX) $ 0.976579 0.04%
the-graph
The Graph (GRT) $ 0.095352 0.19%
paypal-usd
PayPal USD (PYUSD) $ 0.999414 0.04%
curve-dao-token
Curve DAO (CRV) $ 0.663601 0.25%
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