Crypto Tech 2024 Review: Ethereum Duncun, Solana Surge, and Layer-2 Boom – Plus 2025 Predictions and AI Integration

Crypto Tech 2024 Review: Ethereum Duncun, Solana Surge, and Layer-2 Boom – Plus 2025 Predictions and AI Integration

This particular version of the Protocol appears again at 2024’s groundbreaking developments and ahead to what the approaching yr would possibly carry for blockchain know-how.

Let’s dive into the milestones, developments, and predictions shaping the subsequent period of crypto.


This text is featured within the newest subject of The Protocol, our weekly e-newsletter exploring the tech behind crypto, one block at a time. Join right here to get it in your inbox each Wednesday.


1. A Look Again: High Crypto Tech Milestones of 2024

Ethereum’s Duncun Improve: 2024 marked Ethereum’s most important community improve but. Ethereum activated the Cancun-Deneb (Dencun) improve, a landmark enchancment designed to boost scalability and scale back information charges, marking a pivotal step within the community’s evolution. Duncun launched proto-danksharding, a mechanism aimed toward reducing prices for Layer-2 rollups by simplifying information availability and bettering transaction throughput. The modifications, although immensely debated, aimed to profit builders and pave the best way for additional improvements in Ethereum’s roadmap, reinforcing its place because the main sensible contract platform.

Solana Locks in Worth: Solana’s DeFi TVL hit $9 billion in complete worth locked (TVL) for the primary time in three years, with its DeFi ecosystem experiencing much more progress. This achievement displays elevated person engagement and the growth of decentralized purposes on the platform. This progress was considerably helped by institutional adoption and main integrations. Monetary giants like Franklin Templeton and Société Générale leveraged Solana for tokenized asset initiatives. Solana additionally expanded its attain with Robinhood including SOL to its buying and selling platform and Cboe International Markets submitting for Solana-linked ETFs, signaling elevated confidence in its infrastructure.

Quantum Computing’s Warning Bell: Google’s developments in quantum computing, significantly with its revolutionary quantum chip, raised alarms throughout the crypto group in regards to the potential threats to blockchain safety. The chip’s capacity to unravel issues far past the attain of classical computer systems reignited debates round Bitcoin’s reliance on conventional encryption strategies and the broader implications for the crypto ecosystem. Consultants emphasised the urgency of transitioning to quantum-resistant encryption to safeguard cryptocurrencies towards future vulnerabilities. Whereas present quantum computer systems should not but able to compromising blockchain networks, Google’s progress underscored the necessity for proactive measures to make sure the long-term safety and resilience of digital property.

Layer-2 Adoption Soars: Layer-2 adoption surged as initiatives like Arbitrum, Optimism, and Base performed pivotal roles in addressing Ethereum’s scalability challenges. Arbitrum continued to dominate the Layer-2 ecosystem, crossing 1 billion in transactions, pushed by its sturdy developer help and DeFi integrations. Optimism continued to develop its affect with its OP Stack know-how, which allow modular Layer-2 options and foster ecosystem-wide collaboration by way of its integration into Optimism’s Superchain. Base, a Layer-2 incubated by Coinbase, gained vital traction because it leveraged Coinbase’s in depth person base and on-ramps, with Franklin Templeton changing into the primary asset supervisor to launch a tokenized treasury fund on the community.

Layer 2 adoption - dune chart

DeFi Leaders Innovate: Aave turned the main focus of a brand new fund launched by Grayscale Investments in October, offering institutional and accredited buyers with publicity to its governance token (AAVE) by way of a conventional funding car; Uniswap Labs introduced Unichain, a decentralized Layer-2 blockchain constructed with Optimism’s OP Stack, designed to boost transaction pace, scale back prices, and enhance cross-chain interoperability, with plans for a 2025 mainnet launch; and MakerDAO rebranded to Sky as a part of its Endgame Plan, introducing new governance (SKY) and stablecoins (USDS), autonomous “Sky Stars,” deflationary tokenomics, and a roadmap for transitioning absolutely from MKR to SKY tokens.


2. Rising Tendencies for 2025

  • AI x Blockchain: The mixing of synthetic intelligence and blockchain is about to revolutionize identification verification, predictive analytics, and sensible contract automation — and, hopefully, curtail detrimental unwanted side effects of AI.
  • Regulated Crypto Hubs: Jurisdictions like Hong Kong, Dubai, and Singapore are positioning themselves as crypto-friendly innovation facilities, attracting startups and institutional buyers alike.
  • Interoperability Takes Middle Stage: Cross-chain protocols will dominate improvement, enabling seamless asset transfers and collaboration between blockchain ecosystems.

3. Developer Highlight: 2024 in Numbers

The Electrical Capital Developer Report: The report highlighted sustained progress in blockchain improvement with a 35% improve in energetic builders. Ethereum, Solana, Polkadot, Base, and Polygon led the pack, showcasing their sturdy developer communities. Solana was the most important draw for brand new builders, bringing in 7,625 new builders in 2024, surpassing Ethereum. Solana’s enchantment, pushed by its low charges, quick transactions and plenty of memecoins, positions it as a formidable competitor within the sensible contract enviornment.

Chart: New developers exploring ethereum, solana, etc.

4. What to Watch in 2025

  • Ethereum’s Pectra Improve: Ethereum’s upcoming Pectra improve has been cut up into two phases, Prague and Electra, to make sure a smoother rollout of key enhancements to the consensus and execution layers. The Electra part will improve validator effectivity, bolster community safety, and introduce improved mechanisms for managing validator exits.
  • Scaling Options: ZK-rollups and modular blockchains will drive the subsequent wave of scalability, guaranteeing smoother person experiences. Zero-knowledge proofs are rising as a transformative know-how, enabling enhanced privateness and effectivity whereas paving the best way for a future the place blockchain networks can scale seamlessly with out compromising decentralization.
  • Decentralized Id: The rise of decentralized identification options might redefine how customers work together with Web3 platforms, emphasizing privateness and possession.These programs leverage blockchain know-how to present customers management over their private information, permitting them to confirm their identities with out counting on centralized authorities.

5. Closing Thought

2024 set the stage for crypto’s subsequent chapter, with breakthroughs in scalability, DeFi, and safety shaping a transformative yr forward.

Supply hyperlink

bitcoin
Bitcoin (BTC) $ 105,099.16 0.09%
ethereum
Ethereum (ETH) $ 3,342.76 0.90%
xrp
XRP (XRP) $ 3.14 0.29%
tether
Tether (USDT) $ 1.00 0.01%
solana
Solana (SOL) $ 258.76 2.67%
bnb
BNB (BNB) $ 689.78 0.85%
dogecoin
Dogecoin (DOGE) $ 0.355245 0.74%
usd-coin
USDC (USDC) $ 1.00 0.01%
cardano
Cardano (ADA) $ 0.984045 0.38%
staked-ether
Lido Staked Ether (STETH) $ 3,336.93 0.89%
tron
TRON (TRX) $ 0.253159 1.65%
chainlink
Chainlink (LINK) $ 25.62 1.52%
avalanche-2
Avalanche (AVAX) $ 37.60 4.72%
wrapped-steth
Wrapped stETH (WSTETH) $ 3,960.46 0.37%
wrapped-bitcoin
Wrapped Bitcoin (WBTC) $ 104,795.08 0.24%
hedera-hashgraph
Hedera (HBAR) $ 0.348754 3.50%
stellar
Stellar (XLM) $ 0.421122 3.18%
the-open-network
Toncoin (TON) $ 5.10 0.70%
sui
Sui (SUI) $ 4.19 0.75%
shiba-inu
Shiba Inu (SHIB) $ 0.00002 0.18%
weth
WETH (WETH) $ 3,340.37 0.81%
polkadot
Polkadot (DOT) $ 6.33 0.56%
bitget-token
Bitget Token (BGB) $ 7.82 2.75%
litecoin
Litecoin (LTC) $ 123.84 0.67%
leo-token
LEO Token (LEO) $ 9.75 0.22%
bitcoin-cash
Bitcoin Cash (BCH) $ 443.47 0.08%
hyperliquid
Hyperliquid (HYPE) $ 24.35 7.85%
uniswap
Uniswap (UNI) $ 12.22 1.47%
usds
USDS (USDS) $ 1.00 0.05%
wrapped-eeth
Wrapped eETH (WEETH) $ 3,531.14 0.79%
pepe
Pepe (PEPE) $ 0.000015 0.06%
official-trump
Official Trump (TRUMP) $ 30.75 5.35%
near
NEAR Protocol (NEAR) $ 5.02 0.65%
ethena-usde
Ethena USDe (USDE) $ 1.00 0.09%
aave
Aave (AAVE) $ 331.41 1.42%
mantra-dao
MANTRA (OM) $ 4.93 40.41%
aptos
Aptos (APT) $ 8.26 1.19%
ondo-finance
Ondo (ONDO) $ 1.46 0.42%
internet-computer
Internet Computer (ICP) $ 9.27 0.81%
monero
Monero (XMR) $ 223.97 0.46%
whitebit
WhiteBIT Coin (WBT) $ 28.40 0.45%
ethereum-classic
Ethereum Classic (ETC) $ 26.98 0.68%
mantle
Mantle (MNT) $ 1.20 0.75%
vechain
VeChain (VET) $ 0.048301 1.01%
crypto-com-chain
Cronos (CRO) $ 0.13855 0.86%
polygon-ecosystem-token
POL (ex-MATIC) (POL) $ 0.439879 0.57%
render-token
Render (RENDER) $ 7.05 1.70%
dai
Dai (DAI) $ 1.00 0.02%
algorand
Algorand (ALGO) $ 0.408537 0.51%
kaspa
Kaspa (KAS) $ 0.133012 1.50%
bittensor
Bittensor (TAO) $ 408.11 9.98%
okb
OKB (OKB) $ 55.33 0.15%
gatechain-token
Gate (GT) $ 25.64 0.92%
fetch-ai
Artificial Superintelligence Alliance (FET) $ 1.21 0.63%
filecoin
Filecoin (FIL) $ 5.01 1.17%
arbitrum
Arbitrum (ARB) $ 0.707731 0.55%
cosmos
Cosmos Hub (ATOM) $ 6.15 2.14%
ethena
Ethena (ENA) $ 0.850154 0.04%
tokenize-xchange
Tokenize Xchange (TKX) $ 31.52 1.19%
virtual-protocol
Virtuals Protocol (VIRTUAL) $ 2.52 4.30%
coinbase-wrapped-btc
Coinbase Wrapped BTC (CBBTC) $ 105,079.15 0.01%
celestia
Celestia (TIA) $ 4.59 0.32%
raydium
Raydium (RAY) $ 7.76 1.83%
optimism
Optimism (OP) $ 1.66 2.51%
bonk
Bonk (BONK) $ 0.000029 2.71%
immutable-x
Immutable (IMX) $ 1.24 3.97%
blockstack
Stacks (STX) $ 1.41 1.22%
injective-protocol
Injective (INJ) $ 20.77 0.40%
binance-peg-weth
Binance-Peg WETH (WETH) $ 3,342.78 0.96%
theta-token
Theta Network (THETA) $ 2.02 0.71%
binance-staked-sol
Binance Staked SOL (BNSOL) $ 266.43 2.82%
worldcoin-wld
Worldcoin (WLD) $ 2.10 1.46%
jupiter-exchange-solana
Jupiter (JUP) $ 0.92147 8.03%
kelp-dao-restaked-eth
Kelp DAO Restaked ETH (RSETH) $ 3,458.64 0.94%
lombard-staked-btc
Lombard Staked BTC (LBTC) $ 104,835.09 0.46%
lido-dao
Lido DAO (LDO) $ 2.11 5.56%
first-digital-usd
First Digital USD (FDUSD) $ 0.999787 0.08%
the-graph
The Graph (GRT) $ 0.187138 1.21%
xdce-crowd-sale
XDC Network (XDC) $ 0.112161 1.41%
sonic-3
Sonic (prev. FTM) (S) $ 0.549736 0.71%
rocket-pool-eth
Rocket Pool ETH (RETH) $ 3,736.03 0.83%
fasttoken
Fasttoken (FTN) $ 3.91 0.00%
movement
Movement (MOVE) $ 0.704132 6.22%
kucoin-shares
KuCoin (KCS) $ 13.20 0.46%
mantle-staked-ether
Mantle Staked Ether (METH) $ 3,524.70 0.85%
quant-network
Quant (QNT) $ 107.39 2.55%
sei-network
Sei (SEI) $ 0.351659 1.95%
susds
sUSDS (SUSDS) $ 1.03 0.00%
pudgy-penguins
Pudgy Penguins (PENGU) $ 0.024118 7.23%
flare-networks
Flare (FLR) $ 0.026343 0.60%
nexo
NEXO (NEXO) $ 1.44 2.21%
gala
GALA (GALA) $ 0.032793 0.51%
msol
Marinade Staked SOL (MSOL) $ 325.04 2.33%
solv-btc
Solv Protocol SolvBTC (SOLVBTC) $ 104,914.11 0.03%
the-sandbox
The Sandbox (SAND) $ 0.563196 0.48%
fartcoin
Fartcoin (FARTCOIN) $ 1.38 13.26%
floki
FLOKI (FLOKI) $ 0.000138 0.07%
jasmycoin
JasmyCoin (JASMY) $ 0.027429 0.61%
dogwifcoin
dogwifhat (WIF) $ 1.29 1.57%
usual-usd
Usual USD (USD0) $ 0.99839 0.04%
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